Board Description

What's on the board?

We will learn about the different components on the Arduino board. We will study the Arduino UNO board because it is the most popular board in the Arduino board family. Some boards look a bit different from the one given below, but most Arduinos have majority of these components in common.

Board Description

 

1
Digital I/O
The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which 9 OR 10 provide PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) output. These pins can be configured to work as input digital pins to read logic values (0 or 1) or as digital output pins to drive different modules like LEDs, relays, etc. The pins labeled “~” can be used to generate PWM..
2
TX and RX LEDs
TX (transmit) and RX (receive). They appear in two places on the Arduino board. First, at the digital pins 0 and 1, to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. Second, the TX and RX led (13). The TX led flashes with different speed while sending the serial data. The speed of flashing depends on the baud rate used by the board. RX flashes during the receiving process.
3
Power LED indicator
This LED should light up when you plug your Arduino board into a power source to indicate that your board is powered up correctly. If this light does not turn on, then there is something wrong with the connection.
4
ICSP pin
Mostly, ICSP (12) is an AVR, a tiny programming header for the Arduino consisting of MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND.
5
Main microcontroller
Brain of your board. The main IC (integrated circuit) on the Arduino is slightly different from board to board. The microcontrollers are usually of the ATMEL Company. You must know what IC your board has before loading up a new program from the Arduino IDE. This information is available on the top of the IC.
7, 8, 9 and 10
Pins (3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin)
  • 3.3V pin − Supply 3.3 output volt
  • 5V − Supply 5 output volt
  • Most of the components used with Arduino board works fine with 3.3v pin and 5v pin.
  • GND pin (Ground) − There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be used to ground your circuit.
  • Vin − This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board from an external power source, like AC mains power supply.
6
Analog pins
The Arduino board has five analog input pins A0 through A5 , will vary wih board type. These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor like the mois sensor or temperature sensor and convert it into a digital value that can be read by the microprocessor.
11
Reset
You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start your program from the beginning. You can reset the UNO board in two ways. First, by using the reset button on the board. Second, you can connect an external reset button to the Arduino pin labelled RESET
12
Crystal Oscillator
The crystal oscillator helps in dealing with time issues. i.e time calculation
13
Power (Barrel Jack)
Arduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply by connecting it to the Barrel Jack
14
Voltage Regulator
The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the Arduino board and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements.
15
Power USB
Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your computer. All you need to do is connect the USB cable to the USB connection
17
AREF
AREF stands for Analog Reference. It is sometimes, used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.

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